Is it legal to use the shoulder of a road for passing another vehicle?

Using the shoulder of a road for passing another vehicle is not legally permitted, except in specific and limited circumstances, such as when directed by law enforcement. The main reason for this prohibition is safety; the shoulder is typically intended for emergency use, providing a space for vehicles to pull over in case of breakdowns or other emergencies.

When drivers use the shoulder to pass, it can lead to dangerous situations, such as sudden merging back into the lane of traffic or encountering obstacles that may be present on the shoulder. This rule is established to maintain the orderly flow of traffic and to ensure the safety of all road users.

As for other options, while some situations may seem to permit such action if routes are clear or directed by police, these are not consistent with standard traffic laws, which prioritize the safety of all road users. Therefore, the most accurate answer reflects that using the shoulder for passing is not legally allowed.